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Opioids are potent analgesics for  brain, but they have a series of side effects, including addiction. In a new study, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry (MPIB) in Germany , the University of Innsbruck in Austria, the University of Innsbruck ,  the University of the United States Temple University and the University of Copenhagen in Denmark developed a t ool to gain a deeper understanding of the brain's response to opioids.   They used mass spectrometry to determine chang es on protein phosphorylation   patterns  in five different regions of the brain , and correspond to the desired and undesirable therapeutic effects of opioids. These results provide a means to identify new drug targets and design a new class of painkillers with fewer side effects. The results of the study were published in the June 22, 2018 issue of Science, titled In vivo   brain GPCR signaling elucidated by phosphoproteomics . The cascade of signals that cells use to respond to

L ung cancer mortality ranks first among all malignancies w orldwide , and the survival rate is quite low. Currently, t here are two methods for diagnosis, low-dose spiral CT (LDCT) (high false positive rate and radiation damage)  and tumor tissue testing (gene mutation screening) . T here is no non-invasive clinical diagnosis mark  to  guide the treatment  for now . The  research paper ( Non-invasive urinary metabolomic profiling identifies diagnostic and prognostic markers in lung cancer , Cancer Research   IF=9.3215 ) introduced today aims to find biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis by performing metabolomics tests on urine . There are three main reasons why this paper can get a good score, great samples, techniques and data analysis. Samples Used in the Experiment Pre-screening samples (1005 cases): samples collected in 10 years(1998~2007)  from 469 patients (urine  collected before the treatment) and  536 healthy people . S amples  for later validation (158 cases

Review on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS B ased plasma M etabolomics R eveals   the M etabolic P ertur b ations by M anganese E xposure in R at M odels Research Background Manganese is a trace metal element necessary for human  beings  and other animals, but  the accumulat ion of high concentrations of manganese   in the brain  can cause manganese toxicity. At present, there is no biomarker can be used as the gold standard for judging manganese toxicity. Therefore, this paper us es un targeted metabolomics to find bio markers for determining manganese toxicity from the level of metabolites. Sample Source Rat plasma (experimental group) fed for 5 weeks with 200 mg/L manganese and rat plasma (control) fed without manganese for 5  weeks. Technical Route untargeted metabolomics  ( UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS , see fig. below) Research R esult Manganese toxicity can cause liver damage in rats: Manganese treatment reduces the ratio of rat liver weight to rat body weight (LW/BW) (Fi